There are critical periods of vulnerability to suboptimal conditions for the fetus during development in the womb, occurring at different times for different organs in. This tiny mass of cells then adheres to the inside wall of the uterus. Prenatal development definition psychology glossary. Have each group of students research one month of prenatal development. Developmental psychology has expanded to include adolescence and adult development, and aging and thus now addresses psychological changes and functioning across the entire life span. Prenatal development nature and nurture combine forces in prenatal development. Pregnancy care consists of prenatal before birth and postpartum after birth healthcare for expectant mothers. Prenatal development definition of prenatal development by. As the matter of fact all major organs in the body start to develop in first 11 weeks of pregnancy and this is why this stage of prenatal development is so important. Conception conception is the union of the mothers and fathers sex cells, also known as gametes or germ cells. Stages of prenatal development pregnancy articles family.
Nature and nurture combine forces in prenatal development. It involves treatments and trainings to ensure a healthy prepregnancy, pregnancy. They have the advantage that a defined prenatal challenge can be administered and the offspring can be studied in utero or at various postnatal ages. After 8 weeks of development, an embryo is referred to as a fetus. Proportionally greater growth and development takes place 4.
Stages of prenatal development the process of prenatal development occurs in three main stages. Prenatal and postnatal development of laterally connected. Stagesofdevelopment cognitive development adolescence. The first two weeks of development are concerned with simple cell multiplication. This period is generally divided into three stages. A baby first starts as a single fertilized cell, which grows into an embryo.
The twoweek period after conception is called the germinal stage. Write a paragraph explaining how fetal ultrasound technology helps protect the health of the mother and unborn child. By understanding the stages of its growth, you can be well prepared to handle any issues that may arise during this time. Prenatal development an overview sciencedirect topics. In the second half of the 20th century, inspired by medical science. This quiz and worksheet combo will help test your understanding of the different. The longest period of prenatal development is the fetal period which begins at the 9th week after conception and lasts until birth. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake levels during pregnancy. Prenatal development takes about 38 weeks to complete and goes through these three developmental stages. Prenatal development refers to the process in which a baby develops from a single cell after conception into an embryo and later a fetus. The three stages of prenatal development are the germinal stage, the embryonic stage and the fetal stage. There are various growth stages that take place during prenatal development. Three stages germinal stage zygote embryonic stage embryo fetal stage fetus principles of development.
However, you do not have to read the description of embryonic or fetal development for gestational. Dha levels on cognitive development, this study fails to support those conclusions. Much of development is generated by the fetus itself. Most conceptions are the result from intercourse during a 3day periodon the day of or during the 2 days preceding ovulation.
Prenatal development concepts chapter summary and learning objectives. Introduction three stages of prenatal development germinal period fertilization and implantation embryonic period support systems general growthchange sex differentiation fetal period advantages of fullterm fetus. Prenatal period from conception to birth germinal stage zygote moves down fallopian tube embryonic stage organ systems are forming and embryo is very vulnerable to external influences fetal stage organs continue to grow and increase in. Germinal stage weeks 12 in the discussion of biopsychology earlier in the book, you learned about genetics and dna.
Conception occurs when an egg from the mother is fertilized by a sperm from the father. Prenatal n3 longchain fatty acid status and offspring metabolic. These stages are also referred to in pregnancy as terms or trimesters from the 10th week of gestation 8th week of development, the developing organism is called a fetus. The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage, the third through the eighth week is known as the embryonic period, and the time from the ninth week until birth is known as the fetal period. Prenatal development of all anthropoid primates closely resembles that of humans and textbooks of human embryology may be consulted for information relating to the general sequence and pattern of developmental events. A babys development takes place rapidly during the prenatal period. The longest period of prenatal development heartbeat can be heard during the 12th week movement can be felt by the 4th month. Scientists have learned that there are indeed three stages of prenatal development, but the developing child has already reached the third stage before the mother. Prenatal development and infancy birth, of course, does not mark the beginning of human development. Prenatal development, the process encompassing the period from the formation of an embryo, through the development of a fetus, to birth. The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage. The precise age of the studied specimens was measured in hours h or days post coitum, which was observed in most of the cases.
The long term effects of prenatal development on growth and. Prenatal development true or false one that can successfully fertilize the study of development begins at birth. Prenatal development and birth academic innovation. Main impediment to viability is lung development develop toward the end of the pregnancy.
Describe the stages of prenatal development and the significance of prenatal care define and differentiate between various infant reflexes as discussed at the beginning of this module, developmental psychologists often divide our development into three areas. Explain how the developing embryo and fetus may be harmed by the presence of teratogens and describe what a mother can do to reduce her risk. The length of gestation is often broken down into trimesters, referred to. Dha is a longchain member of the omega3 n3 family of. Prenatal development refers to the development of a baby in the womb, a process that takes about 38 weeks. Compare the images to see the growth of the fetus in each. Read more to know about prenatal stages along with problems and risks associated in it. Oct 01, 2016 stages of prenatal development duration. Drugs and other harmful environmental influences can also canalize development, usually in negative ways. Environmental influences cont maternal factors stress unusual stress during pregnancy at elevated risk of malformations. Prenatal development the competent newborn developing through the life span.
Prenatal determinants of early behavioral and cognitive. Responds to sounds by the end of the 3rd trimester. Investigate the earliest stages in the human life cycle those that take place before birth. Food service, educational supports, linksresources, travel reporting. Brain development most neurons form in the womb immature wiring networks form after birth frontal lobes seat of rational planning. The study of development begins at the moment of conception the sperm fight to be the only the egg. Teratogens are agents or substances that can produce developmental malformations. Prenatal maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake and infant. Stagesofdevelopment free download as powerpoint presentation. Our results suggest that while either environmental or genetically driven development is suf.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage, the third through the eighth week is known as the embryonic period, and the time from the ninth. The process of growth and development within the womb, in which a singlecell zygote the cell formed by the combination of a sperm and an egg becomes an embryo, a fetus, and then a baby. Stages of prenatal development linkedin slideshare. Prenatal period from conception to birth germinal stage zygote moves down fallopian tube embryonic stage organ systems are forming and embryo is very vulnerable to external influences fetal stage organs continue to. He conceptualized human attachment as a system of evolutionary behaviors beginning at birth. Stages of prenatal development period of the fetus from the ninth week until the end of pregnancy third month organs, muscles, and nervous system continue to develop fetus kicks, curls its toes, and can even suck its thumb end of the first trimester. Teaching children the facts of life male and female reproduction birth defects, genetics, and heredity pregnancy stages of prenatal development labor, childbirth, and postpartum care. Dha intake levels during pregnancy in relation to infant postnatal cognitive development. Mechanisms underlying longterm consequences of impaired early development. From the 11th week onwards, to the child birth, embryo is called fetus and this stage of development is known as fetal development. Lets take a look at what happens to the developing baby in each of these stages. Key concepts canalization is seen in prenatal development. Prenatal programming the ten principles of prenatal planning.
Fetal development is the third of the three stages of prenatal development, following from the initial germinal stage preembryonic stage, and stage of embryonic development. The prenatal period is a crucial time for physical development, in which. Prenatal development definition of prenatal development. Higher maternal and biomarker levels of n3 longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids lcpufas have been associated with improved perinatal. These nine months are divided into three 3month periods called trimesters. Development of all the structures of the body continues and by the end of the third month, all structures are present although immature. Orientation maps, spontaneous activity, cortical modeling, naturenurture 1 introduction. A variety of species from small to large animals have been used for experimental studies of the mechanisms underlying dohad. A quantitative analysis of prenatal intake of n 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and cognitive development article in american journal of preventive medicine 294. Bowlbys attachment theory was an amalgam of concepts he took from ethology, cybernetics, information processing, developmental psychology, and psychoanalysis, focusing on the infants goal to secure maternal response bretherton, 1992.
From the 10th week of gestation 8th week of development, the developing organism is called a fetus. A mother and fathers dna is passed on to the child at the. Communications from mps, information, updates, linksresources. The average length of time for prenatal development to complete is 38 weeks from the date of conception. Risks during the prenatal period include the following.
Although much of prenatal development occurs within the physical domain, developments in the cognitive and psychosocial domains also emerge at this time. The process of prenatal development occurs in three main stages. General embryology detailed animation on second week of development duration. Periods and stages of the prenatal development of the. This process can be divided into three distinct stages. Maternal malnutrition may affect not only the size of the infant but also the development of systems such as the immune system or the brain. Final stage of prenatal development from 8 weeks to birth, characterized by increased differentiation of body parts and greatly enlarged body size ultrasound prenatal medical procedure using highfrequency sound waves to detect the outline of a fetus and its movements used to determine whether a pregnancy is pregressing normally. The long term effects of prenatal development on growth. However, gestational length and the precise duration and timing of specific events varies considerably from species to species. These publications, plus sameroff and chandler 1975, frame this articles focus on research investigations of fetal development, evidence of fetal programming, and the influence of prenatal events on infant outcomes, such as prenatal exposures to. Risk factors can interfere with canalized processes that lead to the development of specific organs.
Child growth and development pregnancy and prenatal. The first two weeks after conception are known as the germinal stage, the third. Development happens quickly during the prenatal period, which is the time between conception and birth. A c t i v i t y 490 chapter 19 prenatal development and birth stages of birth i n the final weeks of pregnancy, the fetus becomes more and more crowded in the uterus and puts increased demands on its. These publications, plus same roff and chandler 1975, fra me this articles. Lets take a closer look at the major stages and events that take place during the prenatal period of development. Read about the changes that take place during each trimester in figure 19.
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